– See: – Artery Menu – Arterial Injuries Associated with Fractures – Pharmocological Agents in Vascular Surgery: – Technique of Microanatomosis: – Arteriography – Types of Injuries: – intimal injuries: – nonsevered artery: – results from blunt force or stretch, may follow passage of missle; – results in loss or reduction of flow w/o external … Read more
– Discussion: – includes posterior 1/3 of lateral supporting structures; – it includes LCL, arcuate ligament, & exension of popliteus; – posterior 1/3 of the lateral ligamentous complex is reinforced by biceps, popliteus, & lateral head of gastrocnemius; – LCL: … Read more
– Discussion: – it is not a separate ligament but is condensation of fibers of origin of popliteus and helps form the arcuate complex: – arcuate ligament is a Y shaped condensation of fibers that courses from the fibular head, over the popliteus, to insert on the posterior capsule; … Read more
(See also: Adult Upper Limb Arteries) Discussion: Upper Limb Development subclavian artery projects into the early upper limb bud & forms subclavian-axillary-brachial trunk; its distal portion becomes interosseous artery that initially supplies plexus of arteries in the primitive hand; branch of trunk artery, median artery, temporarily replaces interosseous artery in supplying the hand; subsequently, ulnar … Read more
– Discussion: – in middle of the arm, ulnar nerve pierces medial intermuscular septum and descends in front of the medial head of the triceps; – in 70-80% of individuals, nerve passes under arcade of Struthers; – the arcade is a thin aponeurotic band extending from medial head of … Read more
– A: Extra-articular (Transverse) – B: Unicondylar fracture – subdivided into lateral condyle sagittal, and medial condyle saggital and coronal; – deforming forces: gastrocnemius – of special importance is B III (Coronal or Hoffa fracture), where only soft tissue attachment is the posterior capsule, that behaves … Read more
– Discussion: – usually involves a supination-adduction injury; – frequently does well w/ closed reduction; – if frx in fibula is transverse, it is type I avulsion fibular frx; – since syndesmotic ligaments are intact, ankle mortise is also stable; – type A: fibula fracture … Read more
– Discussion: – is taken in line with the long axis of the foot; – entire fibula should be included if there is lateral joint tenderness above the joint line; – this view is used to evaluate medial & lateral malleolus anterolateral tibia and proximal fibula; – osteochondral frx of distal tibia and talus; … Read more
– See: – Radiographic Evaluation – Blood Supply to Talus- Discussion: – may occur following talar neck fractures or may be atraumatic (from SLE, diabetes, MS ect); – absence of subchondral bone atrophy in talar dome on x-ray after 6 weeks following fracture implies AVN (see Hawkins Sign); – however, there is not direct correlation between development of AVN and … Read more
– Discussion: – fibular plate can be positioned posteriorly as an antiglide plate to resist proximal migration and rotation of distal fragement; – the antiglide plate is chiefly indicated for Weber B fractures; – advantages: – distal screws obtain better purchase, since … Read more