– Indication for Closed Treatment: – indications — These are based on “personality” of the fracture as described by Nicoll EA (1964) – he listed factors favoring union: – displacement: if the fracture fragments on are or can be opposed to 25% in a transverse fracture, casting or bracing is permissible – more than 50% initial frx … Read more
– See: Anatomy of Carpal Tunnel – Anesthesia: – Bier Block: – proponents note that regional anesthesia allows a less rushed operation along w/ a synovectomy, if needed; – median nerve block at elbow; – w/ elbow extended brachial … Read more
– Dosing: – contraindicated w/ clinical allergy, must periodically examine urine sediment with chronic use; – for symptomatic Paget’s Disease of bone, hypercalcemia, post-menopausal osteoporosis (in addition to supplemental calcium, adequate vitamin D intake, and adequate diet); – osteoporosis: – may be … Read more
– Discussion: – calcaneovalgus (congenital calcaneovalgus) refers to flexible flatfoot in infants and young children; – frequently seen infant foot disorder w/ forefoot abducted and the ankle severely dorsiflexed; – mild form may be seen in upto 30% of infants but a more severe form is … Read more
– Discussion: – are placed from the medial side to avoid damage to the posterior tibial neurovascular pedicle; – posterior tibial pulse should be palpated with one hand during the initial placement; – safe zone is outlined by a vertical line tangential to the posterior border of the medial … Read more
– Discussion: – calcaneofibular ligament is a extra-articular round and cordlike ligament which connnects tip of distal fibula to small tubercle on posterior & lateral aspect of calcaneus; – crosses two joints, talocrural and the talocalcaneal; – 2 cm long, 5 mm wide, and 3 mm thick; … Read more
– Discussion: – type of tarsal coalition: – calcaneonavicular bar is most common, followed by middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint; – ossification occurs between 8 and 12 years; – coalition between calcaneus & navicular is usually seen in pts between 8-12 years of age when cartilaginous … Read more
– See: – Septic Knee: – Synovium of the Knee: – Anatomy: – four bursae around knee are susecptible to and inflammatory response from direct or indirect trauma; – prepatellar bursae is most commonly affected area (housemaids knee); – may show significant degree of … Read more
– Discussion: – bunionette deformity may be created by wide 4-5 intermetatarsal angle; – symptomatic plantar callus is 2nd to concomitant plantar flexion of the fifth metatarsal; – soft corn caused by the pressure of the bone of the proximal phalanx of 5th toe (may be exacerbated by tight shoes); – soft tissue surgery will … Read more
– See: Meniscal Tears – Discussion: – vertical longitudinal tear w/ displacement of inner margin – more common in younger pts & are frequently assoc w/ ACL tear; – 3 times more common in the medial as compared to the lat compartment – can produce the classic … Read more