– Discussion: – used to evaluate capsule of shoulder, & glenoid labrum, subscapularis & long head of the biceps, and the humeral head; – glenoid labrum produces low signal intensity since it is made of fibrous tissue; – Hill-Sachs lesion, seen as a notched defect of flattening of humeral … Read more
– Exposure of the Subscapularis: – the upper portion of the subscapularis tendon is exposed by partial release of the CA ligament off the coracoid, by placement of a Homan retractor directly above the coracoid, and by abduction and external rotation of the arm; – the upper portion of the … Read more
– Discussion: – synovial fluid should be cultured if there is any suggestion of infection. – normal synovial fluid: – contains < 60 to 180 cells per ml, most of which should be mononuclear; – fluid is considered to be “noninflammatory” if it … Read more
– Torticollis Due to Bony Anomalies: – Klippel feil syndrome – atlantoociipital synostosis – basilar impression – odontoid anamalies – aplasia – hypoplasia – Os Odontoideum – occipital vertebrae – asymmetry of occipital condyles (hypoplasia) – absent C1 facet (unilateral) – fibrodysplasia ossificans – atlantoaxial rotary displacement – atlantorotatory fixation
– Diff Dx: in Infants: – pterygium colli; – bronchial cleft cysts; – tumor: – cystic hygroma; – thyroid teratomas; – tumors of spinal cord and or posterior cranial fossa; … Read more
– See: – TKR Menu: – Medial Collateral Ligament – Lateral Collateral Ligament – Discussion: – it is not possible to make a definitive assessment of soft tissue deformity or contracture preoperatively, since joint deformity pain & muscle spasm can mask the true condition; … Read more
– See: Patella in TKR – Discussion: – indications for patellar resurfacing – patellar malalignment – lateral retinacular release – Technique: – start by everting the patella laterally and reflecting the fat pad & synovium from around its periphery; – remove any overhanging osteophytes; – limited patellar fasciectomy should be a part … Read more
Presence of Shock Inspection Palplation: symphysis, pubic rami, iliac crests, sacroiliac; bimanual compression & distraction of the iliac wings, & abduction & adduction of the hip should be done to detect instability; manual traction can aid in the determination of vertical instability grasp both legs and pull one caudad while pushing the other cephalad Neurologic Injury … Read more
Discussion results from fibrosis of sternal head; can result from unilateral shortening of sternocleidomastoid, commonly associated with fibrosis of the muscle; may also involve the platysma and scalene muscles; birth trauma, occlussion of venous flow, or hematoma results in fibrosis of muscle & palpable mass noted w/in first 4 wks of life; nontender enlargement may … Read more
Discussion when the innervated ligamentous layer of the outer annulus fibrosis is stretched because of segmental instability, pain results; acute sprain probably represents partial tearing of annular tissue; if annular tissue becomes weakened to the point of allowing nucleus to protrude beyond the normal confines of the annulus, it may actually be a prelude to … Read more