– See: Shoulder Abductors – Discussion: – major function of the deltoid muscle is to abduct arm; – it performs this action after scapula[scapula has been fixed by its stabilizing muscles and the humeral head has been snubbed to glenoid by the rotator cuff; … Read more
– See: Anterior Approach to the Shoulder and Total Shoulder Arthroplasty – Incision: – deltopectoral internval separates plane between axillary innervation (deltoid) and lateral and medial pectoral innervation to pectoralis major (incision should stay just lateral to the axillary skin crease); – ensure that the shoulder is position in neutral rotation and slight … Read more
Discussion (Humeral Shaft Frx ») Forces Displacing the Fracture components of a well designed cast brace include an anterior component w/ a bicipital contour and a posterior component w/ a flat mold for the triceps; velcro straps maintain adequate compression; in closed humeral shaft fractures involving the middle or proximal thirds, about 95% of patients … Read more
– Discussion: – certain rhythms are very sensitive to cardioversion, & low energy levels are likely to bring about conversion: (e.g. A. Flutter and V. Tach); – A. Fib & V. Fib are more resistant to cardioversion & require higher energy levels; – Pre-Medication: – anticoagulants may be administered prior to the procedure; – sedation … Read more
– See: Rotator Cuff Tear – Discussion: – deposits lie in the rotator cuff and contain H[2O, CO[3, & PO[4]; – usually does not occur until 4 th decade; – diabetic patients are more likely to develop asymptomatic rotator cuff calcium deposits; … Read more
– Muscle Testing: – deltoid & biceps are two muscles w/ C5 innervation that are easily tested; – while deltoid is innervated almost entirely by C5, biceps has dual innervation, from both C5 and C6, and therefore, evaluation of C5 neurologic level thru biceps testing … Read more
– Radiculopathy: – pts with a C6 radiculopathy should cause pain in the neck, shoulder, lateral arm, radial forearm, dorsum of hand, and tips of thumb, index, and long finger; – distribution of pain is less extensive and more proximal, whereas paresthesia’s predominate distally; – in some individuals, a … Read more
– Dose: – maximum single doses should not > 150-175 mg w/o Epi; – Local Anesthesia: – 5 ml to the maximal recommended dose (25 milligrams to maximal dosage) w/ 0.5% solution, which produces moderate to complete motor blockade; – Arthroscopic surgery: – 30 mL of 0.75% bupivacaine was injected … Read more
– Work Up for Brachial Plexus Injuries – Brachial Neuritis: – Erb’s Palsy – Leffert Classification of Brachial Plexus Injuries; – Lower Root Injury: (Klumpke) – Obstetrical Paralysis: – Parsonage-Turner Syndrome: – Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy in Children – Stinger / Upper Trunk Injuries – Work Up for Brachial Plexus Injuries: – Anatomy: – roots: – … Read more
– See: Parsonage-Turner Syndrome: – Discussion: – characterized by acute or subacute onset of severe pain in neck, arm, & hand along w/ varialble muscle weakness & loss in sensation; – pain is usually severe and constant and aggravated by moving the arm; – diff dx: neuropathic disorder – … Read more