– Discussion: – long thoracic nerve is derived from ventral rami of C5, C6, & C7 – close to their emergence from intervertebral foramina; – it runs downward & pases either in front of or behind middle scalene muscle; – it reaches upper slip of serratius anterior muscle & descends on outer surface of this … Read more
– Discussion: – limb-girdle muscular dystrophy encompasses a wide variety of clinical diseases; – characterized by weakness of the shoulders and hips with weakness of the distal muscles of the limbs in more severely affected patients; – usually transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode but there … Read more
origin: transverse process of 1st 4 cervical vertebrae insertion: vertebral border of scapula between superior medial angle and scapular spine; action: elevates scapula to inferiorly rotate glenoid cavity; working with the upper Trapezius , elevates and adducts scapula; reversed origin insertion action: when scapula is fixed, laterally flexes and slightly rotates cervical spine; nerve supply: dorsal … Read more
– See: Fracture Dislocation: – Discussion: – pure avulsions of the lesser tuberosity are rare; – pressence of this frx raises possibility of assoicatted posterior dislocation; – lesser tuberosity fragment consists of the lesser tuberosity with its attached subscapularis muscle; – avulsion of this frag may allow … Read more
– Description – I Open (usually from stabbing) – II Closed (usually from motorcycle accident) – IIa Supraclavicular – preganglionic: – avulsion of nerve roots, usually from high speed injuries with other … Read more
– origin: broad aponeurosis that originates on the spinous processesof the lower 6 thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae; posterior crest of ilium, posterior surface of sacrum, lower 3 or 4 ribs, and an attachment of the tip of the scapula; – insertion: flat tendon that twists upon itself to insert into the intertubercular groove of … Read more
– Description: – contour of the scapula projects as the letter Y – downward stem of the Y is projected by body of the scapula; – upper forks are projected by the coracoid process anteriorly and by the spine and acromion posteriorly; – glenoid … Read more
– History: -Maurice Klippel and Andre Feil first to describe syndrome in 1912 -Characterized by patients with: Short neck Low hairline Decreased cervical motion -Fewer than 50% with congenital defects of cervical spine have … Read more
(based on classification of King et al) assistance provided by Ben Allen Jr. M.D. – See: Selection of Fusion Level: – Discussion – S thoracolumbar curve crosses midline; – flexibility: lumbar < thoracic – lumbar curve is larger; – treatment: fuse lumbar and thoracic vertebrae; – treatment: – the goal w/ this type of curve … Read more
(based on classification of King et al) assistance provided by Ben Allen Jr. M.D. – See: Selection of Fusion Level: – Discussion: – “S” shaped thoracolumbar curve crosses midline; – thoracic curve is larger and stiffer than lumbar curve; – selective arthrodesis of the thoracic curve in King type II curves may lead to larger … Read more