Neuro Exam: Brachial Plexus
– See: – Brachial Plexus – Exam of the Cervical Spine: – Preganglionic Injury – Work Up for Brachial Plexus Injuries: Muscles … Read more
Shoulder
Nerves Menu
Depolarization Disorders of Nerves Electromyography Entrapment Neuro Exam Menu: Repair of Nerves: Segmental Innerv. Lower Limb Nerve Injury (neuroma); Nerves: Anterior Interosseous Branch Axillary nerve Brachial Plexus Cluneal nerves Dorsal Scapular Nerve Femoral Nerve liohypogastric Nerve Ilioinguinal Nerve Inferior Gluteal Nerve Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Leg and Foot, Innervation of Long … Read more
Muscles and Tendons Menu
Section Editor Dean Taylor, MD – See: Muscle Anatomy, Histology, & Physiology; A Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis Abductor Digiti Minimi (hand) Abductor Hallucis Abductor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus Anconeus Adductor Brevis Adductor Hallucis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Pollicis B Biceps Brachii Biceps Femoris Brachialis Brachioradialis C Coracobrachialis D Deltoid Dorsal Interossei of Feet … Read more
Muscular Stabilizers of the Shoulder
– Discussion: – shoulder is bounded posteriorly by teres minor & infraspinatus & partialy by long head of triceps; – it is bounded laterally by deltoid, & superiorly it is bounded by acromion; – anteriorly & inferiorly, shoulder is bounded by pect major & biceps, however, these do not … Read more
Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses (Hereditary Exostosis)
– See: Bone Tumor Menu – Discussion: – an osteochondroma that results from a dysplasia of peripheral growth plate; – as its name implies, multiple hereditary exostosis is an inherited condition which produces multiple exostoses; – occurs in 1 out of 50,000 people; – … Read more
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Discussion multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (a common type of osteochondrodysplasia) is characterized by disturbance of normal ossification w/ in epiphysis; pathologic abnormality is a disturbance in enchondral ossification of epiphyses and physes; is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity; disorder is manifested as multiple areas of abnormal growth and ossification of the epiphysis; … Read more
Multidirectional Instability
– Discussion: – multidirectional instability implies three-way subluxations or dislocations either anteriorly, posteriorly, or inferiorly; – these patients usually have no true Bankart lesion and incontrast patients have a capacious axillary pouch; – ref: The Effect of Variation in Definition on the Diagnosis of Multidirectional Instability of the Shoulder. – … Read more
MRI Shoulder: Transaxial View:
– Discussion: – used to evaluate capsule of shoulder, & glenoid labrum, subscapularis & long head of the biceps, and the humeral head; – glenoid labrum produces low signal intensity since it is made of fibrous tissue; – used for imaging SLAP and Barkart injury – Hill-Sachs … Read more
MRI Imaging of the Shoulder:
– Discussion: – used to assess impingement syndromes (coronal oblique views) and less often glenoid pathology (transaxial views); – it accurately identifes full-thickness rotator cuff tears; – defects show up with high signal intensity traversing supraspinatus tendon on T2 images; – … Read more
MRI: of Rotator Cuff Tears
– Coronal Oblique Views of the MRI – Transaxial View of the Shoulder – MRI of Shoulder