– Discussion: – see anatomy of the scapula – most common scapular frx are frx of the body, followed by the neck, glenoid, and acromion; – associated injuries: seen in upto 80-90% of patients; – pulmonary injuries and pneumothorax (23%) and pulmonary contussion; … Read more
– See: Avascular Necrosis of the Scaphoid – Discussion: – often result from undiagnosed or undertreated non displaced scaphoid fractures, especially when associated w/ carpal instability; – even when found as late as 6 mo after the injury, frx of scaphoid, esp at the waist and distal location, may go on to heal; … Read more
– Discussion: – involves creating an oblique osteotomy of the distal fragment (valgus osteotomy) to obtain stability in unstable intertroch frx; – this osteotomy changes frx plane from verticle to near horizontal & creates contact between the medial and posterior cortex of proximal and distal fragments; … Read more
– Discussion: – type of open wedge innominate osteotomy which extends and retroverts acetabulum around fixed axis; – osteotomy redirects entire acetabulum so that its roof covers femoral head both anteriorly and superiorly; – extends and retroverts acetabulum around fixed axis; – in … Read more
– Salter Harris Type II Fractures: – 80% of type II fractures can be managed non operatively; – displaced SH type-I or II frx are reduced closed w/ pt under GEA; – reduction is obtained mainly by traction rather than manipulation; – 90 … Read more
– Discussion: – may occur at any age – rare in the hand – type IV frx potentially interfere with normal growth; – frx line crosses physis, separating a portion of metaphysis-physis-epiphysis from the remaining metaphysis-physis-ephiphysis; – if frx is displaced, ORIF is indicated; … Read more
– See: – Posterior Pelvic Injuries – Sacral Fractures – cresent fracture: (iliac fracture) – Fixation Techniques: – SI joint dislocation: posterior screw fixation: – Kellum et al 1987, unstable SI joint dislocations can produce long term pain in 60% that are treated non operatively … Read more
– Discussion: – insufficiency frxs of sacrum and pelvis may be confused w/ metastatic lesions, especially if bony resorption occurs at frx ends; – these injuries may also occur in patients with known malignant disease who have a sudden onset of pain in the lower back, hip, or groin; … Read more
– See: Extensor Mechanism Injuries of the Knee: – Discussion: – rupture of quadriceps tendons is most common in the 6th & 7th decades, and is probably associated w/decreased vasculature; – Male:female 8:1 – more common w/ cortisone injections, diabetes, chronic renal failure; hyperthyroidism, and gout; – … Read more