– See: Shoulder Abductors – Discussion: – major function of the deltoid muscle is to abduct arm; – it performs this action after scapula[scapula has been fixed by its stabilizing muscles and the humeral head has been snubbed to glenoid by the rotator cuff; … Read more
– Deforming forces: – Biceps brachii and Supinator inserts into the proximal1/3 of the radius; – these muscles are the supinators of the forearm; – Pronator Teres, originating above the elbow medially, inserts into the middle third of the radius; – when frx is … Read more
– Discussion: – first performed by Darrach in 1911 in New York City. – Indications: – for relief of pain following distal RU disruption and/or RU arthritis; – for symptomatic malunion of Colle’s frx in elderly patients, especially when stiffness is present; – procedure is generally performed … Read more
Discussion (Humeral Shaft Frx ») Forces Displacing the Fracture components of a well designed cast brace include an anterior component w/ a bicipital contour and a posterior component w/ a flat mold for the triceps; velcro straps maintain adequate compression; in closed humeral shaft fractures involving the middle or proximal thirds, about 95% of patients … Read more
– See: Anatomy of Carpal Tunnel – Anesthesia: – Bier Block: – proponents note that regional anesthesia allows a less rushed operation along w/ a synovectomy, if needed; – median nerve block at elbow; – w/ elbow extended brachial … Read more
– Discussion: – see lateral condyle fracture – uncommon frx which is difficult to diagnose if fracture frag is small; – any effussion within the elbow joint together with displacement of fat pads suggests either a capitulum fracture or nondisplaced frx of radial head; – Type I: (Hans Steinthal Frx) – type I is fracture … Read more
– Muscle Testing: – deltoid & biceps are two muscles w/ C5 innervation that are easily tested; – while deltoid is innervated almost entirely by C5, biceps has dual innervation, from both C5 and C6, and therefore, evaluation of C5 neurologic level thru biceps testing … Read more
– Radiculopathy: – pts with a C6 radiculopathy should cause pain in the neck, shoulder, lateral arm, radial forearm, dorsum of hand, and tips of thumb, index, and long finger; – distribution of pain is less extensive and more proximal, whereas paresthesia’s predominate distally; – in some individuals, a … Read more
– See: Meniscal Tears – Discussion: – vertical longitudinal tear w/ displacement of inner margin – more common in younger pts & are frequently assoc w/ ACL tear; – 3 times more common in the medial as compared to the lat compartment – can produce the classic … Read more
– Work Up for Brachial Plexus Injuries – Brachial Neuritis: – Erb’s Palsy – Leffert Classification of Brachial Plexus Injuries; – Lower Root Injury: (Klumpke) – Obstetrical Paralysis: – Parsonage-Turner Syndrome: – Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy in Children – Stinger / Upper Trunk Injuries – Work Up for Brachial Plexus Injuries: – Anatomy: – roots: – … Read more