– Anatomy: – humeral origin of MCL lies posterior to axis of elbow flexion, creating cam effect; – hence, anterior fibers are stressed in extension & posterior fibers are stressed in flexion; – anterior oblique, posterior oblique ligament, & small transverse ligament are 3 major portions of the … Read more
– See: Medial Approach: – Discussion: – medial epicondyle is common origin of several flexor muscles of hand and wrist; – when medial epicondyle is frxed, flexor muscles pull fragment distally; – during surgical procedure care must be made to protect ulnar nerve; – Fixation Stratedgy: – … Read more
– See: – Pediatric Elbow Injuries – distal humeral physeal separation – lateral condyle frx, pediatric – supracondylar frx of humerus – Discussion: – third most common pediatric elbow frx (5-10%) (behind supracondylar and lateral condylar fractures); – most common between ages of 9 … Read more
– Discussion: – may begin as a microtear between the pronator teres and the FCR; – often associated w/ ulnar neuritis (see cubital tunnel); – Exam: – tenderness over the origin of the forearm flexors; – resisted pronation and/or flexion will elicit pain in most patients; … Read more
– Anatomy: – innervation: (C8, T1); – medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve descends in the arm anterior and medial to brachial artery; – at distal to mid forearm level, nerve emerges from under brachial fascia adjacent to basilic vein; – it innervates the skin of anterior & medial … Read more
– Discussion: – allow visualization of medial epicondyle, trochlea, and ulnar nerve are – approach is used for a total elbow arthroplasty; – proximally the interval lies between the brachialis and triceps, where as distally the interval lies between the brachialis and MCL; – avoid … Read more
Discussion older names include dolichostenomelia (Greek for long, narrow limbs) and dystrophia mesodermalis congenital, typus Marfanis; inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable expressivity. characterized by long, thin limbs and by laxity of ligaments; Pathophysiology dz of collagen synthesis (possibly the alpha subunit) may have abnormal production of collagen type I (and ? type … Read more
– See: – Arteriography – Arterial Trauma – Compartment Syndrome – Knee Dislocation – Popliteal Artery – Reperfusion Injury – Discussion: – note that the worst error to make is to underestimate the need to … Read more
– See: – Exam for Spinal Cord Injury – Head Injury – Neuro Exam Menu – C-spine (initial care): – ensure that patient has adequate C-spine immobilization; – a standard backboard is unsuitable in children since it places the head into extension (pediatric … Read more
– Discussion: – known as carpus curves, is result of epiphyseal arrest on ulnar & volar half of the distal radius, which causes articular surface to be directed ulnarward and volarward; – genetics: it is inhertited as autosomal dominant trait w/ variable expressivity; – females are affected four … Read more