– See: – Green Stick Fractures – Pediatric Distal Radius Fracture – Pediatric Ulnar Fracture – Discussion: – frx may be of green stick type or complete (latter may be undisplaced, minimally displaced, or markedly displaced w/ overridding); – frx … Read more
(see: juvenile RA menu) Discussion definition: < 4 involved joints. most frequently encoutered subgroup, accouting for 30-40% of JRA; peak age is 2-4 years more common in girls (4x) differential dx Clinical Presentation> begins w/ incidious onset which can be painless swelling, warmth, and restriction of motion are common sx; knee, ankle, and elbow (& … Read more
– See: – Pathologic Hip Frx – Metastatic Tumors to Bone – Discussion: – fractures which occur from low energy injuries which occur thru an area of bone weakness with a pre-existing abnormality; – injured area demonstrates distored archetecture and distored bone density; – Diff Dx: … Read more
– Discussion: – disease involving capitulum of distal humerus that produced changes similar to those observed in Legg Calve Perthes disease; – it should be distinguished from osteochondritis dissecans (which occurs in the older child or adolescent – older than age 13 years); – pathologic process is … Read more
– Pathogenesis: – osteomyelitis occurs most frequently in the long bones of lower extremities, & to a lesser extent the upper extremities; – hematogenous osteomyelitis – pediatric bone circulation: tortuous course of nutrient vessels in bone causes bacteria to be trapped in the metaphysis; – epiphyseal plate prevents infection from entering the … Read more
– Pathogenesis: – see: hematogenous osteomyelitis and pediatric bone circulation – tortuous course of the nutrient vessels in bone causes bacteria to be trapped in the metaphysis; – once lodged in the metaphysis, the infection spreads toward the epiphysis; – in neonates the periosteum … Read more
– Discussion: – OCD is a localized fragmentation of the bone and overlying cartilage of the capitellum; – it frequently progresses to loose body formation, and sometimes progresses to posttraumatic arthritis; – laxity of the MCL may accentuate the loading on the capitellum; – … Read more
– See: Pediatric Elbow Injuries – Discussion: – a traction apophysisitis of the medial epicondyle which needs to be distinguished from avulsion frx of the medial epicondyle – the medial epicondyle is an apophysis which is connected to the MCL as well as being connected to the flexor-pronator mass; – both of these structures will … Read more
– Discussion: – results from failure of an anterior acromial ossification center to fuse to the acromial process; – caused by failure of one of three ossification centers; – ossification centers appear at age 15 and should fuse by age 22-25; – subtypes: (from … Read more
Note: it is the responsibility of the physician to ensure that these codes are correct. Debridement Excision of Skin Lesions / Ulcers Excision of Foreign Body or Superficial Tumors Spinal Procedures (and rib) Shoulder, Clavicle, and Humerus Procedures Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Procedures Hip, Femur and Knee Procedures … Read more