– Discussion: – combination of genetic and environmental factors in its etiology; – an important early event may result from the interaction of antigen presenting macrophages w/ T cells (helper/inducer); – HLA-D allele DR4 is associated w/ RA patients; – although clinical laboratories measure IgM rheumatoid factor, … Read more
– Discussion: – AC arthritis or AC joint osteophytes can result in impingement and mechanical irritation to the rotator cuff tendons; – similar phenomenon can occur after displaced AC separations; – greater tuburosity fractures can cause impingement on the rotator cuff if the fragment rotates superiorly; – humeral neck … Read more
– See: Radiograhpic Evaluation – Anatomy – Biomechanics – Multipartite Patella – Chondromalacia – Dislocation of the Patella – Examination of the Patellofemoral Joint – Fractures of the Patella – Jumper’s Knee – Lateral Retinacular Release – Patella Alta – Pathology – Patella … Read more
– Discussion: – not all patellar fractures are amenable to ORIF; – in most cases of patellar frx, one large frag of patella can be preserved; – most often the distal pole is comminuted, whereas superior pole is intact,however, as a principle, the larger fragment … Read more
– See: THR Main Menu and Radiographic evaluation of THR – Discussion: – normal gait adaptions: – trendelenburg limp after THR is a clinical sign of gluteal insufficiency; – static trendelenburg sign: drop of the pelvis on the contralateral side while the individual stands on the operative side; – many patients will compensate for … Read more
– Discussion: – a chronic progressive disease osteoblasts and osteoclasts which results in abnormal bone remodeling; – etiology, staging, and pathogenesis – prevalence: – uncommon in pts under age of 55 yrs but relatively common in later life, occurring in 3-4% of persons over 55 yrs & occurs in 10% in pts over age 80; – reference: – … Read more
– Etiology: disease may be caused by a virus; – paramyxovirus infection of osteoblasts may activate of the c-fos proto-oncogene, resulting in localized abnormal osteoclastic activity typical of Paget’s disease; – Pathophysiology: – in Paget’s disease, primary defect is in the remodeling system of isolated areas of skeleton; – … Read more
It is estimated that as many as 40 million Americans or 1 in 7 people have some form of arthritic disease. It has been reported that arthritis is the number one cause of disability in America, limiting the everyday activities for approximately seven million individuals. The efforts of medical … Read more
– Discussion: – predisposing conditions: – open fracture (traumatic tibia infections) – sickle cell anemia – septic arthritis – in children, distinguishing between metaphyseal osteomyelitis and … Read more
– Pathogenesis: – osteomyelitis occurs most frequently in the long bones of lower extremities, & to a lesser extent the upper extremities; – hematogenous osteomyelitis – pediatric bone circulation: tortuous course of nutrient vessels in bone causes bacteria to be trapped in the metaphysis; – epiphyseal plate prevents infection from entering the … Read more