Data Trace Editor

Steven Bokshan, Roy Ruttiman, Adam E.M. Eltorai, and Alan H. Daniels INTRODUCTION Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson’s related disease, poliomyelitis and cerebral palsy are causes of adult spinal deformity in the United States. In addition to causing spinal deformity, these conditions may also exacerbate existing spinal deformity. While the true etiology of spinal deformity in these conditions … Read more

Comron Saifi, Joseph M. Lombardi, and Frank M. Phillips INTRODUCTION Degenerative scoliosis is an increasingly common pathology in the elderly population, posing clinical challenges for the surgeon and patient alike. Approximately 68% of adults over the age of 60 have some degree of degenerative scoliosis, defined as coronal curvature of the spine greater than 10 … Read more

Lawrence G. Lenke and Melvin C. Makhni INTRODUCTION Management of rigid spinal deformities is complex, technically demanding, and can be fraught with significant complications. Many spinal deformities can be managed without osteotomies, particularly primary deformities without congenital abnormalities. However, patients with severe and rigid deformities and those with spinal imbalance often require osteotomies to obtain … Read more

Brian J. Neuman and Khaled Kebaish INTRODUCTION The development of a pseudarthrosis at lumbosacral junction continues to be a concern in spine surgery. Fixation failure due to poor bone quality of the sacrum and substantial biomechanical forces at this junction leads to a cascade of events that result in a pseudarthrosis. Historically, nonunion rates have … Read more

Lisa Roberts OVERVIEW In General Communication impacts upon every clinical encounter and must be one of the most highly developed skills in any clinician’s toolkit. It not only has the power to influence patients’ experiences (often erroneously called “satisfaction”), but it can also significantly affect the outcome of healthcare. While it may not be possible … Read more

Gill Dickson and Suzanne M. McDonough INTRODUCTION Low back pain is a global problem that is highly prevalent in the general population, frequently episodic and persistent. Many will resolve their spinal pain with simple measures, including simple analgesia, therapy and exercise advice. However, the major part of the cost of spinal pain to the National … Read more

Louise Hailey and Jennifer Bridle INTRODUCTION Lifestyle Products, Devices and Supports for Low Back Pain Although we know that for the majority people with low back pain, symptoms will improve rapidly. However, at a year, a third of the people still report persistent symptoms. For some of these people, low back pain may recur, becoming … Read more

Joanne Marley and Daniel Kerr INTRODUCTION Regular physical activity and/or exercise therapy are widely endorsed in clinical guidelines for the management of low back pain. These approaches have been shown to reduce pain and disability associated with low back pain and are often considered key components of an effective self-management strategy. Although the terms physical … Read more

Alan Breen, Steven Vogel, and Christopher McCarthy INTRODUCTION Manual therapy (MT) is a very common practice among primates and its range of uses and the variety of techniques is probably infinite. It has been professionalised for the treatment of a variety of conditions for at least two millennia with texts appearing in China and in … Read more

Peter Gladwell, Shea Palmer, and Fiona Cramp WHAT IS TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS)? Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a portable, inexpensive and low risk form of electrostimulation, typically delivered via self-adhesive pads or carbon rubber pads with conducting gel that are attached over the area of pain. TENS has been defined as “the delivery … Read more