Data Trace Editor (see also: Spondyloarthropathies) Discussion affects young men (ages 15 to 25 years), but may also begin in middle-aged men; disease is often more severe when it occurs early in life; disease characterized by insidious onset of pain and stiffness in lower back associated w/ gradual loss of spinal mobility; illness may cause inflammation in uveal tract … Read more
Acromegaly: Ankylosing Spondylitis: Avascular Necrosis: Gaucher’s Disease: Hemochromatosis: Hemophilia Hypermobility Syndrome: this is an arthropathy associated with joint laxity; it is autosomal dominant associated with joint laxity; some of these are associated w/ DDH, but others present no particular surgical problems other than the fact that the surgical scar tends to spread and become broad; associated … Read more
Ankle Fractures Type A Type B Type C Ankle Equinus Deformity Achilles Tendon Rupture Achilles Tendinitis Anatomy: Ankle Joint Ankle Arthrodesis Ankle Arthroscopy Anterior Impingement Snydrome of the Ankle Blair Fusion Brostrom Procedure Deltoid Ligament Examination of the Ankle Haglund’s Deformity Ligaments anterior talofibular ligament calcaneofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament Medial Malleolus Fractures Osteochondral Lesions … Read more
Types of Radius/Ulna Fractures: Both Bone Fractures: Fractures of the Adult Ulna Pediatric Forearm Fractures: Pediatric Both Bone Forearm Fractures Pediatric Ulnar Fracture Green Stick Frx Distal Ulnar Physeal Fractures Monteggia’s Fracture in the child, it is essential to have 3 views of the elbow: (AP, lateral, and oblique) before a Monteggia frx can be … Read more
Anterior Approach to Humerus Anterior Approach to Shoulder Arteries of the Upper Limb Blood Supply to the Humerus Classification of Proximal Humeral Fractures Condylar Fractures Distal Humeral Fractures Holstein Lewis Fractures Humerus Humeral Shaft Fracture Non Union of Humeral Fractures Pediatric Humeral Frx Posterior Approach to Shoulder Posterior Approach to Humerus Posterolateral Approach to the Distal … Read more
Erfanul Saker and R. Shane Tubbs INTRODUCTION One of the major public health problems affecting Western industrialized societies is back pain, causing more global disability than any other condition worldwide.1 It places an enormous socioeconomic burden on the individual and health care system due to costs related to loss in working hours as well as … Read more
Lydia Jones and R. Shane Tubbs INTRODUCTION As with the other regions of the spine, the lumbar vertebrae rely on a robust collection of soft tissues to maintain their structural integrity during load bearing and movement. Of these soft tissues, the lumbar vertebral ligaments play a very important role. These highly specialized structures allow for … Read more
Jaspreet Johal and R. Shane Tubbs* OVERVIEW There are many nerves that serve the lumbar region. The spinal cord terminates in this area as the conus medullaris (Fig. 3-1), which in most individuals is located between the L1 and L2 vertebrae. Within the spinal dura mater, the spinal cord and its dorsal and ventral rootlets … Read more
Minna Kraatari, Sini Skarp, Minna Männikkö, Jaro Karppinen, Frances Williams INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS The genome is the complete set of genetic information stored as deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) in the nucleus of cells. The nucleic acid sequence of the genome determines the recipe for life: the instructions for each protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are stored … Read more
Hardeep Singh and Isaac L. Moss INTRODUCTION The axial spine is separated into three regions: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar which are comprised of 7, 12, and 5 vertebrae, respectively.1 The intervertebral disc (IVD) separates each vertebra except C1-C2. Three articulations are present at each level consisting of two facet joints formed from the articulation of … Read more