Data Trace Editor – See: Thrombolytic Therapy: Pharmocological Agents for Vascular Surgery; – Dose: – load w/ 4,400 units/kg IV bolus overe 10 min; – load w/ 50,000 units IV bolus into the occluded vessel, then infuse at 50,000 units/hr; – maintenance dose: 4,4000 units/kg for 12-24 hrs Two urokinase dose regimens in native arterial and graft occlusions: … Read more
Diagnostic Indexes in Acute Renal Failure PreRenal PostRenal Renal Acute GN ————— U/P osm > 1.5 1.0 – 1.5 1.0 – 1.5 1.0 – 1.5 Urine Na, mEq/l … Read more
– Detects primarily Acetone & AcetoAcetic Acid, not Beta-Hydroxybutyric acid; – Positive: Starvation, High Fat Diet, DKA (See Hyperglycemia) Vomiting Diarrhea Hyperthyroidism, Pregnancy, Fever – Misc: – precise timing is essential or dipstick color change is meaningless & over timing by only 1-3 seconds will cause false elevation; – carbohydrate free diets as well as … Read more
pH Specific Gravity Blood Glucose Ketones Nitrite/Leukocyte Esterase Protein Pyuria Spot/Random Urine Chem Urine culture Perioperative factors associated with septic arthritis after arthroplasty. Prospective multicenter study of 362 knee and 2,651 hip operations. – prospectively evaluated perioperative factors associated with septic arthritis after 362 knee and 2,651 hip arthroplasties; – preoperative urinary tract … Read more
– Increased: – Volume depletion, CHF, Adrenal Insufficiency, DM, SIADH, Increased proteins (nephrosis) (upto 1.050); – If markedly increased (1.040-1.050), Suspect artifact or excretion of radiographic contrast media; – Decreased: – DI, Pyelonephritis, Glomerulonephritis, Waterload w/ Nl Renal Function; – Misc: – Specific gravity varies inversely with urine excretion – In some conditions this relationship … Read more
Positive: Diabetes mellitus. Pancreatitis, Pancreatitic ca Pheochromocytoma, Cushing’s dz Shock Burns Pain Steroids, Hyperthyroidism Renal Tubular dz Iatrogenic causes; Common after heavy meals Ascorbic acid overdose – Misc: – large amount of ketones will give False Negatives; – precise timing is essential or dipstick color change is meaningless, & over timing by only 1-3 seconds … Read more
– See: Urine Culture – Conversion of nitrates to nitrite; – Positive: infection (negative test does not rule out infection since some organisms such as Strep faecalis & other gram positive cocci will not produce nitrite, & note that urine must also be retained in bladder for several hours to allow the reaction to take … Read more
– Discussion: – Persistent proteinuria by dipsick should be quantified by 24hr; – Positive: pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, Kimmelstiel-Wilson dz Nephrotic syndrome, Myeloma, Postural causes, Pre-eclampsia, Inflammation and Malignancies of Lower Urinary Tract, Functional causes (Fever, Stress, Heavy Exercise, Malignant Hypertension)
– Forearm: – in the report by Edwards et al, the authors performed a prospective study was undertaken to compare the use of forearm and upper arm tourniquets for local anaesthetic procedures on the hand; – 100 consecutive patients with an upper arm … Read more
– Tendon Transfers for Specific Palsies: – Brachial Plexus Palsy – High Ulnar Nerve Palsy – Low Ulnar Nerve Palsy – High Median Nerve Palsy – Low Median Nerve Palsy – Radial Nerve Palsy – Prerequisites: – full passive joint mobility; … Read more