Data Trace Editor – See: – Class IV Agents – Discussion: – Ca channel blocker, prolongs AV conduction, slows sinus rate, & exerts Negative Inotropic effect; – Useful for converting narrow complex SVT to sinus rhythm in stable patients if carotid sinus massage unsuccesful; – Useful for Unstable Angina, HTN, A.fib & A. Flutter (except when A.fib/flutter is … Read more
– intraoperative injection: – 300 mg ropivacaine (0.2%) (150 mL) + 30 mg ketorolac (1 mL) + 500 µg of epinephrine (1:1000) (0.5 mL) (prepared on the sterile field) – 18 gauge needle is used to inject in 3 equal 50 mL doses into each of 3 locations: (a) posterior capsule (b) medial, lateral … Read more
– See: AV malformations – Discussion: – venous malformations, although present at birth, often are not noticed until 1 year of age. They engorge when dependent, decompress when elevated, and enlarge with trauma, puberty, pregnancy, or use of oral contraceptives; – frequently confused with hemangiomas – present at birth – … Read more
– Venous Anastomosis: – Discussion: – thickest layer in the vein is the adventitia and cannot be stripped away from vessel as it can in the artery & therefore need to use gentle technique in teasing away the excess adventia and trimming it with scissors; – vessel walls are not as self supporting … Read more
– See quadriceps muscle; Origin: Lower 1/2 of the intertrochanteric lines, medial lip of linea aspera, upper part of medial supracondylar line, medial intermuscular septum tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus; Insertion: Medial border of the patella by the ligamentum patella into the tibia tuberosity; Action: Extends the leg at the knee … Read more
– Discussion: – nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent similar to pancuronium. – has advantages over other nondepolarizing muscle relaxants by producing less hemodynamic changes, a shorter duration of action; – dose reductions are not required in renal failure, but may be indicated in hepatic disease. – Dose: – usual intraoperative doses are 0.08 to 0.1 mg/kg … Read more
– See: Venous Repair – Discussion: – veins accompany the arteries of the lower limb, and those that parallel the large arteries of leg are paired; – five major venous structures of leg are greater and lesser saphenous veins, posterior & anterior tibial veins, & peroneal veins; – Greater Saphenous Vein: … Read more
– Discussion: – blood supply of the soleus muscle is from peroneal artery proximally and the posterior tibial artery distally; – muscle has a mixed blood supply; – vascular supply of the soleus is from popliteal, posterior tibial, & peroneal vascular pedicles to the proximal muscle, peroneal pedicles to distal lateral belly, and segmental posterior tibial … Read more
– See: – Blood Supply to the Wrist – Kienbock’s Disease – Discussion: – majority of lunates have both dorsal & palmar vessels & are thus as well vascularized as the other carpal bones; – neither single intraosseous nor extraosseous disruption alone will cause avascular necrosis … Read more
– See: – Burns of the Hand – Thrombolytic Therapy – Ischemia of the Hand: – History: – infection, cold intolerance, pain, tenderness, of mass, cyanosis – Treatment of digital ischemia with liposomal bupivacaine. – Diff dx: – Aneurysms of the Upper Extremity … Read more