Data Trace Editor Action inhibits Vit K dependent production of clotting factors mainly inhibits prothrombin (II) and VII but also IX and X VII (t/2=4-6hrs), IX (t/2=18-24hrs), X (t/2=18-24hrs), II (t/2=18-24) proteins C (t/2=6 hrs) and S (early); hence PT increases in 48 hrs 2nd to decr of VII but many days of therapy needed for therapuetic levels … Read more
– See: Compartment Syndrome – Discussion: – type of forearm ischemic contracture resulting from brachial artery injury usually associated w/ supracondylar frx of humerus; – may see loss of motor & sensory function, however, classic involvment is w/ anterior interosseous branch of median nerve; – pathology: … Read more
– See: Infections of the Hand – Discussion: – if infection extends thru dermis, the pad of digit becomes involved; – usually cause by staph aureus; – barriers to proximal migration of infection: – anatomic arrangement of fibrous septum; … Read more
– Discussion: – rare injury caused by compression and rotation with PIP joint flexion; – may occur as simple dislocations or fracture dislocations; – it is often unstable and irreducible; – volar dislocation involves disruption of central slip, along w/ collateral ligaments and palmar … Read more
– Discussion: – Waddel determined 5 findings on PE which correlated w/ non organic LBP known as the 5 Waddell criteria; – he noted that most patients w/ documented organic LBP had one or none of Waddell criteria, and that patients who had 3/5 Waddell criteria were much more likely have non organic LBP; … Read more
– Discussion: – is always detached (usually from middle phalanx) in PIP dorsal dislocations; – distal avulsion of volar plate in dorsal PIP dislocations makes entrapment of plate w/in the joint unlikely (in contrast to MP joint in which complex dorsal dislocations prevent closed reduction); … Read more
– 0 – Intact Skin – 1 – Superficial ulcer of skin or subcutaneous tissue – 2 – Ulcers extend into tendon, bone, or capsule – 3 – Deep ulcer with osteomyelitis, or abscess – 4 – Gangrene of toes or forefoot – 5 – Midfoot or hindfoot gangrene
– Discussion: – it is also required in appropriate amounts for membrane stability; – excess or defeciency may lead to rupture of lysosomal membranes; – Vit A participates in the biology of epithelium, and in excess it causes proliferation of basal cells and hyperkeratinization; – Toxicity: – causes increased intracranial pressure, vomiting, and lethargy Effect … Read more
Warfarin (Coumadin) references – The use of novel oral anticoagulants for thromboprophylaxis after elective major orthopedic surgery. Prevention of venous thromboembolic disease after total hip and knee arthroplasty.
– See: Rickets: – Discussion: – this is the classic form of the disease; – it usually results from a deficiency in dietary intake of vitamin D, often coupled with inadequate exposure to sunlight; – reduced vitamin-D intake causes a diminution in the absorption of calcium from the GI … Read more